Risk reduction

Historically, droughts have caused extensive damage. Effective responses to drought remain a challenge, with reactive and crisis-oriented approaches dominating many interventions. The consequences of drought extend beyond households and rural livelihoods, impacting industrial operations and sectors such as energy, agriculture and water supply. Integrating Nature-based Solutions (NbS) into drought policies requires a comprehensive, context-aware approach.

The main goal of this scoping study is to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the national aspect of North Macedonia in regard of pilot activities to apply the Nature-based Solutions (NbS) concept for disaster risk reduction (DRR). The study refers to the available information from existing policies, programmes, and strategies (at the global, regional, national, and local levels). The analysed data are related to NbS for DRR, directly or indirectly.

Montenegro is a disaster-prone country particularly vulnerable to climate change, thus affecting multiple sectors – agriculture, biodiversity, energy, forestry, public health, coastal areas and maritime resources, tourism and water resources. The combination of the rise in frequency and intensity of climate-related hazards, and increasing development in the country raises the risks of these hazards causing substantial economic and health impacts.

Kosovo is prone to a wide variety of natural hazards – including floods, landslides, droughts, earthquakes, and wildfires – that could pose serious damages to the economy, fiscal balances, and the well-being of vulnerable populations. Many of these climatic-related hazards are expected to magnify with future climate change.

The overall purpose of this scoping study is to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the context in regard to the application of Nature-Based Solutions approaches for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction in Bosnia and Herzogovina.

This scoping study has been developed to enable better understanding of the Serbian national context, in terms of the institutional, policy and legal framework and reveal the key challenges for the application of Nature-Based Solutions along with the recommendations and entry points for the mainstreaming of Nature-Based Solutions into national disaster risk reduction and climate change policies and strategies.

These guidelines aim to assist policy makers and managers in the reduction of the risks to coastal communities, their infrastructure and service-providing ecosystems from tsunamis, storm surges and other coastal hazards within the phased framework of Integrated Coastal Area Management (ICAM).